Systematic implications of comparative morphology in selected Tertiary and extant pollen from the Palmae and the Sapotaceae

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Abstract
There are many records of pollen and spores from the Tertiary based on light microscope investigations. In some instances such studies provide relatively limited information which can restrict accuracy of identification. Pollen morphological studies of many extant families have made clear that the much finer detail of the exine revealed with electron microscopy can, with few exceptions, considerably improve taxonomic discrimination of dispersed pollen. Using Palmae and Sapotaceae as examples, it is shown how ultrastructural study of fossil pollen, assignable to these families, extracted from Tertiary (Eocene) sediments of England, can contribute to a better understanding of their affinities.

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