The Soil Microfungi of Open Bogs and Conifer Swamps in Wisconsin

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Abstract
The soil microfungi in 5 northern Wisconsin open bogs and 10 conifer swamps were surveyed. Two hundred isolates from 8 sites in each community were identified or characterized and frequencies (sits of occurrence as a per cent of total sites sampled) for all entities were calculated. The number of entities per community ranged from 10 to 68,and the numbers of entities per unit (1000 isolates) were 108 (open bogs), 104 (Picea-Larix swamps), and 181 (Thuja-Abies swamps). Only 5-9 spp. in each unit had average frequencies of 30% or higher. Mycelia Sterlia 3157, Eurotiaceae gen. n. ? 4084, Penicillium odoratum, Penicillium (Paecilomyces?) sp. 3908, and Geotrichum candidum were prevalent in open bogs; Mortierella vinacea III, Periconia sp. 3284, Penicillium odoratum, Cryptococcus laurentii, Oidiodendron flavum variant, and 1 unidentified yeast in Picea-Larix swamps; and Torulopsis aeria, Cryptococcus laurentii, Trichoderma viride, T. album, and 1 unidentified yeast in Thuja-Abies swamps. In the populations as a whole, Ascomycetes, yeasts, Dematiaceae, and Mortierella spp. were common, whereas Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Sphaeropsidales were rare. Approximately 1/2 of the identified spp. appeared to be absent or rare in mineral soils, but several were well-known wood, wood-pulp, or litter forms. Species composition in the microfungal communities was correlated with species composition and maturity in the overlying higher plant community.