Distribution of sonic plesio-velocity in a compact bone sample

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Abstract
Since compact bone is anisotropic and inhomogeneous, the measured quantities yield a plesio-velocity rather than a true sonic velocity making it difficult to compare velocity measurements among several bone samples. Distribution of the plesio-velocity for 11 pairs of 2 mm thick specimens from a single mature bovine compact bone sample, using 100-ns well-damped sonic pulses emitted by a 10-mHz transducer, shows that anisotropy exists in axial and transverse directions and must be associated with the local structure and composition. Changes in the same specimens when wet, dry and rehydrated show an increase in velocity and anisotrophy of the dry over the wet state. The plesio-velocity is greater in the axial direction, along the bone axis, than in the transverse plane. The change in plesio-velocity from wet to dry bone is greatest along the bone axis and least in the transverse plane. Changes in dimension, when the bone specimens were dried, show the bone sample to be anisotropic in this parameter, but in the reverse order from the plesio-velocity. Shrinkage is least along the osteons and a maximum in the transverse plane.