Markov renewal theory

Abstract
Consider a stochastic processX(t) (t≧ 0) taking values in a countable state space, say, {1, 2,3, …}. To be picturesque we think ofX(t) as the state which a particle is in at epocht. Suppose the particle moves from state to state in such a way that the successive states visited form a Markov chain, and that the particle stays in a given state a random amount of time depending on the state it is in as well as on the state to be visited next. Below is a possible realization of such a process.

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