Callus Induction and Plant Regeneration from Barley Mature Embryos

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Abstract
Callus cultures were induced starting from excised mature embryos in spring barley, Hordeum vulgare cv Maxima On a medium containing a high level of auxin, a first primary callus was induced which was friable, unorganized and capable of direct plant regeneration in the tested conditions This callus type was characterized by fast growth and high variability in chromosome number Subsequently, a secondary callus type arose from the primary calli subcultured on the same medium in the light This callus type was white and compact and consisted predominantly of diploid cells When transferred to hormone-free medium it gave rise to green shoots Complete rooting of the shoots was achieved on half-strength basal medium followed by exposure to higher light intensity Regenerated plantlets could then be transferred directly into soil without suffering any loss in vitality Although showing different degrees in morphological variability, they all maintained the diploid chromosome number