On the Permians of the North-East of England (at their Southern Margin) and their Relations to the under- and overlying Formations

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Abstract
T he main object of the present communication is to bring under the notice of the Society a capital section (see figure), exposed by the Great Northern Company's Derbyshire Extension line, the peculiar interest of which is that it exhibits the whole series of the Permians of this district, and their relations to the under- and over-lying formations. The section begins at the Hempshill cutting near Cinderhill, and ends at Kimberley West station. It bears, roughly speaking, north-west for a mile, and then gradually curves round and bears south-west, and throughout corresponds approximately in direction, with the dip of the red rocks exposed. Going west we get the following succession of strata :— Characteristic mottled and obliquely laminated Lower Bunter sandstone (ƒ 1 ), about 30 feet exposed, including its lower brecciated portion. The breccia, which is alternately sandy, marly, and calcareous, expands near fault No. 1, to 5 feet, including sandy interstratifications, but locally disappears on the east, where it becomes very difficult to separate the Lower Bunter from the next underlying deposit. The breccia contains semiangular green, blue, and purple slates, more or less rounded grits, quartzites, quartz-breccia, and numerous white and discoloured slabs and nodular ,balls of fossiliferous Carboniferous-Limestone chert. Seeing that the yellow chert-balls are the chief eentres of cementation, and are deeply indented by the adhering pebbles, it appears probable that their conversion into chert took place after being deposited in the breccia. Beneath the breccia comes a series of comparatively hard red-and-yellow-mottled and soft grey sandstones , becoming,

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