Individual Recognition of Queens by Honey Bee Swarms

Abstract
Worker honey bees, Apis mellifera L., distinguish between their own and foreign queens on the basis of individual characteristics. An odoriferous characteristic, such as a shellac paint marking on the queen's thorax, is used by the workers to recognize their queen. However, a tactile physical characteristic of a queen, such as clipped wings, is apparently not used for recognition. Colony odors derived from the hive environment also may play a role in queen discrimination by honey bee swarms.

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