Monte Carlo simulation of dendrimers in variable solvent quality

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Abstract
We study via lattice Monte Carlo simulation and Flory theory the properties of g=1–6 dendrimers in variable solvent quality. For all the generations studied, we find that the radius of gyration Rg collapses significantly (factor of 2) going from athermal to extreme poor solvent conditions, indicating that varying solvent quality is an effective means of controlling dendrimer size. We also find that in athermal, θ, and extreme poor solvent conditions, the radius of gyration of dendrimers scales with the total number of monomers roughly as Rg∼N1/3. However, a more careful analysis shows that in athermal and θ solvents, there is, in fact, a small but systematic deviation of Rg from Rg∼N1/3 scaling and the simulation data is described better by the Flory theory prediction of Rg∼N1/5[(g+1)m]2/5 in athermal solvents and Rg∼N1/4[(g+1)m]1/4 in θ solvents. We also find for our simulation data that stronger deviations from constant density scaling are possible, with scaling behavior as shallow as Rg∼N0.26 possible for solvent conditions in between θ and the completely collapsed state. It is evident therefore that dendrimers do not obey (or even approximately obey) Rg∼N1/3 scaling under all solvent conditions. Under all solvent conditions, we find that the intramolecular density is dense corelike (i.e., the density maximum is in the interior of the dendrimer) and terminal groups are delocalized throughout the dendrimer.