Smoking History in Middle Age and Subsequent Cognitive Performance in Elderly Japanese-American Men: The Honolulu-Asia Aging Study
Open Access
- 15 March 1997
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Oxford University Press (OUP) in American Journal of Epidemiology
- Vol. 145 (6) , 507-515
- https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009138
Abstract
The associations between cigarette smoking history and later cognitive performance were examined among 3, 429 Japanese-American participants of the Honolulu Heart Program (HHP) and its extension, the Honolulu-Asia Aging Study (HAAS). Cognitive performance was measured by the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI), administered as part of HAAS (mean age at HAAS exam (standard deviation (SD)): 77.7 (4.6) years). Information on smoking history was collected during the first and third HHP exams (mean age (SD) at Exam III: 58.6 (4.7) years). Compared with never-smokers, those who had smoked continuously between Exams I–III and those who had quit smoking during that period had significantly lower CASI scores, after adjustment for age, education, Japanese acculturation, and Exam III alcohol intake. In multiple logistic regression controlling for the above covariates, a significantly higher risk of cognitive impairment (CASI score Am J Epidemiol 1997;145:507–15.Keywords
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