Frequency-domain fluorescent diffusion tomography of turbid media and in-vivo tissues

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Abstract
The reconstruction of fluorescence lifetime distributions in heterogeneous turbid media and tumor-bearing animals are experimentally demonstrated by frequency-domain measurements. A set of coupled diffusion equations are used to describe the propagation of excitation and fluorescent emission light in multiply scattering media. A finite element based reconstruction algorithm combined with Marquardt and Tikhonov regularization methods are used to obtain the fluorescence images. The experimental set-up is an automatic multi-channel frequency-domain system. 16 sources and 16 detectors are used. Experiments are performed using indocyanine green (ICG) and 3,3'-diethylthiatricarbocyanine iodide (DTTCI) in tissue-like phantoms of both single- and multi-target configurations with considerations of perfect and imperfect uptake of fluorescence dyes in the scattering media. ICG are used in tumor-bearing animal studies. Our results show that the fluorescence lifetime image of the heterogeneities within a circular surrounding medium and in-vivo tissue can be reconstructed successfully.

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