Simple rail-to-rail low-voltage constant-transconductance CMOS input stage in weak inversion

10 June 1993

journal article
Published by Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET) in Electronics Letters

Vol. 29 (12) , 1145-1147
https://doi.org/10.1049/el:19930764

Abstract

A CMOS input stage for operational amplifiers is presented. To obtain a rail-to-rail input range an nMOS and a pMOS differential pair are driven in parallel. Both differential pairs operate in weak inversion. With the help of only four additional transistors a transconductance g_m is obtained which is independent of the common input voltage. This extension does not increase the minimum required supply voltage.

Keywords

CONSTANT-TRANSCONDUCTANCE
NMOS PMOS DIFFERENTIAL PAIR
CMOS INPUT STAGE
WEAK INVERSION
RAIL-TO-RAIL INPUT RANGE
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS

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