Effects of Starch Xanthate and Sludge Polymer on the Initial Activity with Delayed Incorporation, Residual Activity, and Crop Safety of Several Herbicides

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Abstract
Field studies were conducted in 1977 and 1978 to compare the efficacy of the starch xanthate and activated-sludge polymer controlled-release herbicide formulations with the emulsifiable-concentrate formulations. As incorporation was delayed from immediately to never incorporated, starch xanthate and sludge polymer thiocarbamate herbicide formulations had activity equal to that of the emulsifiable concentrates at our initial and final rating dates. Trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine)-starch xanthate in 1977 had increased activity over that of the emulsifiable concentrate as incorporation was delayed, as indicated by initial and final visual rating. Starch xanthate did not greatly increase the residual activity of alachlor [2-chloro-2′,6′-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)acetanilide], metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide], or several thiocarbamate herbicides. Starch xanthate formulations of EPTC (S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate) and vernolate (S-propyl dipropylthiocarbamate) provided significantly less protection to corn than did addition of the protectant R-29148 [3-(dichloroacetyl)-2,2,5-trimethyloxazolidine]. The sludge polymer formulation had no controlled-release properties.