Behavior of adult Simuliidae (Diptera). II. Vision and olfaction in near-orientation and landing

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Abstract
The number of simuliids orienting to a CO2 source decreased with distance downwind from the source. The responses of Simuliidae to attractive and non-attractive silhouettes and to CO2 revealed a marked ability of these insects to discriminate between targets during near-orientation on the basis of color, independent of the amount of CO2, and showed that vision was effective between 0 and 180 cm downwind from the CO2 source. Models of long-range, middle-range, and close-range orientation by blackflies are proposed in terms of the sensory inputs to which the flies respond during orientation to attractive targets.

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