Dielectric Constants of Imperfect Gases. II. Carbon Dioxide and Ethylene

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Abstract
Dielectric constants in the density range 0 to 4 moles/liter have been measured at temperatures between 25° and 75°C. Both gases show significant increases of the Clausius-Mossotti function with density attributable to pair interactions. In CO2, these are consistent with the theory of quadrupole-induced dipoles for a molecular quadrupole moment of about 5×10—26 esu cm2. In ethylene, the increased effect at higher temperatures is contrary to the theory, which is given in a more general form suitable at high temperatures for molecules such as ethylene, which lack axial symmetry. It is shown that for both gases the theory may be somewhat inaccurate at ordinary temperatures because effects of quadrupole coupling energies have not been adequately treated. Measurements of mixtures with a second gas of highly symmetrical molecules are proposed as a promising means of studying the questions raised by those results.