A nonsense mutation (428G→A) in the fucosyltransferase FUT2 gene affects the progression of HIV-1 infection

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Abstract
Background: The human FUT2 gene encodes the α(1,2)fucosyltransferase that determines secretor status. Homozygous for the nonsense mutation are called non-secretors and are unable to express histo-blood group antigens in secretions and on mucosal surfaces. In this study we have investigated the importance of the FUT2 fucosyltransferase activity on the progress of HIV-1 infection. Methods: Swedish blood donors (n = 276), 15 long-term non-progressors (LTNP) and 19 progressors were genotyped with respect to the nonsense mutation 428G→A in the FUT2 gene. In addition 265/276 blood donors and 19 progressors with rapid or expected progression rate were Δ32 CCR5 genotyped. Results: Of 276 blood donors 218 (79%) were found to be secretor positive (se+), either homozygous (se+/+) wild type (30%) or heterozygous (se+/−) (49%) and 58 (21%) were homozygous non-secretors (se−/−). Five LTNP (33%) were found to be secretor-positive (se+/+, se+/−) and 10 (67%) se−/−. Of the 19 individuals with normal HIV-1 progression 15 (79 %) were found to be secretor positive and four (21%) were non-secretors. No frequency differences were found in the Δ32 CCR5 allele among the groups studied. Conclusion: Strong association (P < 0.001) was observed between the nonsense mutation 428G→A in the FUT2 gene and a slow disease progression of HIV-1 infection.