Primate testicular histone H1t genes are highly conserved and the human H1t gene is located on chromosome 6

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Abstract
The testis-specific histone H1t gene is known to be transcribed only in pachytene primary spermatocytes during spermatogenesis. Previous studies of the rat histone H1t gene revealed a unique promoter sequence element between the H1/GC box and the H1/CCAAT box. Proteins in crude nuclear extracts of rat testis bind specifically to this sequence element and a temporal correlation exists between the appearance of these DNA binding proteins and the onset of transcription. These discoveries led to a search for histone H1t genes in other mammalian species. The human and monkey histone H1t genes were amplified from genomic DNA using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The amplified genes were cloned and the genomic derived inserts were sequenced using linear PCR. Both proximal promoters contained the highly conserved H1/AC box, H1/CCAAT box, and H1/TATA box found in nongerminal H1 genes. Both promoters also contained the H1/GC box and the H1t/CCTAGG sequence element between the H1/GC box and H1/CCAAT box previously seen only in the H1t promoter. Specific amplification of the human H1t gene using template DNA samples from a NIGMS human/rodent somatic cell hybrid mapping panel has shown that the human histone H1t gene is located on chromosome 6.