Estimating Costs of Earthwork via Simulation

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Abstract
In order to establish the unit price estimate for the earthmoving phase of a project, a selection of the equipment fleet and the management policy decisions governing it, must be made. In order to make a rational selection between the available alternatives the productivity consequences associated with each alternative must be known in advance. A method of computer simulation of an earthmoving operation, based on the GPSS language, is presented. An example project is analyzed, to illustrate how an estimator might determine the productivity consequences with a computer simulation. The computer simulation technique is a powerful management tool, which will assume greater significance in the estimating and planning of projects in the future. It is the objective of this paper to create an interst in this topic within the construction industry.

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