Variance Estimation Based on a Superpopulation Model in Two-Stage Sampling

Abstract
Estimators for finite population parameters and their variances in two-stage sampling have been developed by using the linear least-squares prediction approach in a recent article by Royall (1976). This article considers a special case of the superpopulation model assumed by Royall and uses a new technique involving linear combinations of the sample observations to estimate the variances of these estimators. An exact confidence interval for the finite population total is calculated for the case in which all clusters have an equal number of elements and an equal number of elements are sampled from each selected cluster.

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