Identification of genes and gene products whose expression is activated during nitrogen-limited growth in Bacillus subtilis

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Abstract
The levels of urease and asparaginase were elevated 25- and 20-fold, respectively, in extracts of Bacillus subtilis cells grown in medium containing nitrogen sources that are poor sources of ammonium (NH4+) compared with the levels seen in extracts of cells grown in medium containing nitrogen sources that are good sources of NH4+. To determine whether a collection of genes whose expression responds to nitrogen availability could be isolated, a library of Tn917-lacZ insertions was screened for nitrogen-regulated beta-galactosidase expression. Two fusion strains were identified. beta-Galactosidase expression was 26- and 4,000-fold higher, respectively, in the nrg-21::Tn917-lacZ and the nrg-29::Tn917-lacZ insertion strains during NH4(+)-restricted growth than during growth on nitrogen sources that are good sources of NH4+. PBS1 transduction analysis showed that the nrg-21::Tn917-lacZ insertion mapped between gutB and purB and that the nrg-29::Tn917-lacZ insertion mapped between degSU and spoIID. The repression of expression of these four gene products during growth on good sources of NH4+ required the wild-type glutamine synthetase protein but not the glutamine synthetase regulatory protein, GlnR.