Endovaginal sonography for the early diagnosis of intrauterine and ectopic pregnancies

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Abstract
Endovaginal sonography, together with β-HCG titre, was used to diagnose ectopic pregnancy in 58 patients. Trans-abdominal ultrasound failed to conclude this diagnosis. The data from endovaginal sonography revealed the presence of a gestational sac in all 15 patients with normal pregnancies at a β-HCG level of 1042 mIU/ml. Of the 23 patients with pathological pregnancies only 61% had an intrauterine gestational sac. Only 15% of the 20 patients with ectopic pregnancies showed an increase in β-HCG >66% in 48 h, while in normal pregnancy, this increase was found in 71% of the patients. The endovaginal findings of the ectopic gestation revealed a complex adnexal mass in 55%, a cystic mass in 30% and Quid in the cul-de-sac in 20%. The diagnostic indices of adnexal and cul-de-sac sonographic findings in the ectopic group further improved specificity and positive predictive accuracy. The detection of ectopic versus intrauterine gestation showed a high sensitivity of 95%, a specificity of 100%, a positive predictability of 100% and a negative predictability of 97%. The data confirm the value and reliability of endovaginal and cul-de-sac sonography, combined with measurement of the β-HCG level in the early diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. This combined approach not only makes the differentiation between normal and extrauterine gestation more accurate but also helps to avoid unnecessary diagnostic laparoscopy and hospitalization.

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