Efficacy, Nontarget Effects, and Chemical Persistence of S-31183, a Promising Mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) Control Agent

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Abstract
5-31183, 2-[1-methyl-2-(4-phenoxyphenoxy) ethoxyl pyridine, was highly effective in inhibiting normal development of mosquito larvae into adults in laboratory and field trials. Late fourth instars were the most sensitive stage. Mortality occurred in the pupal stage and, at lower doses, resulted in formation of abnormal adults. In highly polluted water, 5-31183 adsorbed onto organic matter and its biological activity persisted for 2 mo after application of 0.11 kg (AI)/ha (0.1 lb/acre). Its persistence in water in the absence of organic matter declined as temperature and sunlight exposure simultaneously increased. Its persistence in relatively “clean” field waters and soil was of short duration. No long-term bioaccumulation problem was apparent following dynamic or static exposures to fish. Nontarget aquatic organisms that coexist in mosquito breeding habitats were not affected adversely by treatments which were effective against mosquitoes. These results indicate efficacy against mosquito larvae, a high degree of safety to associated nontarget organisms, and chemical persistence properties that appear to be compatible with the environment.