Manufacturing tolerances for silver-sodium ion-exchange planar optical waveguides

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Abstract
The variation of effective refractive index due to the manufacturing process is studied for silver-sodium-ion-exchanged slab waveguides, and the results are related to a theoretical model which is derived from the linear refractive index profile. The consequences of the observed variability are considered for the fibre-film directional coupler and the three-dimensional silver-sodium ion-exchanged waveguide.