Effect of Halo Substitution on the Geometry of Arenethiol Films on Cu(111)

Abstract
Incomplete coverages of p-fluorothiophenol, p-chlorothiophenol, and p-bromothiophenol form ordered islands on a Cu(111) surface even at low temperatures. The complexity of the molecular patterns increases from a simple (3 × 4) superlattice to a honeycomb (8 × 8)R19° structure with increasing substituent electronegativity. We propose a model based on quadrupolar intermolecular interactions to account for this observation.