Multiphonon Orbit-Lattice Relaxation and Quantum Efficiency of 10-μ Infrared Quantum-Counter Upconversion in Rare-Earth-Doped Crystals

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Abstract
Various quantum counter schemes involving the lower J levels of Eu3+ and Sm2+ are examined in terms of orbit‐lattice‐induced multiphonon relaxation processes. The quantum efficiency of the upconversion process has been quantitatively evaluated as a function of the laser pump which brings about the frequency upconversion. Optimum conditions are given for the 10‐μ infrared quantum counter, and its detectivity and response time are discussed and compared with other representative 10‐μ detectors. It is shown that the 10‐μ quantum counter can be operated at 77 K.