Effects of Paraquat and Light Regime on Quackgrass Growth

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Abstract
We applied 1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion (paraquat) to quackgrass (Agropyron repens L. Beauv.) at different stages of growth and subjected these treated plants to different light regimes. After paraquat and light treatment, foliage was removed and the reduction in regrowth was measured as evidence of paraquat movement and its effect on the regenerative potential of the rhizomes. Paraquat or a toxic metabolite moved in quantity from point of leaf application. Sufficient basipetal movement occurred in both the dark and light to significantly affect regrowth. As quackgrass plants matured and developed more foliage, the effect of paraquat treatment increased (i.e., the regrowth capacity of the plants and the regenerative ability of their rhizome buds decreased). A period of darkness (24 hr) after paraquat application and before exposure of treated plants to light did not affect numbers of plants killed but did decrease rate of regrowth. Treated quackgrass foliage showed extensive paraquat injury when placed in light for 48 to 72 hr after treatment; but only parts of treated leaves were killed. Leaving treated foliage intact greatly increased the number of plants killed.