Numerical calculations of focal and aberration properties of unipotential electron lenses

Abstract
Focal properties and aberration coefficients of equidiameter unipotential electron lenses are calculated by numerical solution of Laplace’s equation and the electron trajectory equations. A wide range of central electrode length-to-diameter ratios is investigated. The variation of focal and aberration properties with lens geometry is well described by relatively simple analytic functions, which are found to be useful in practical lens design problems. Agreement with experimentally measured focal properties is excellent.

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