Extracting a paleotemperature record from Picea engelmannii tree-line sites in the central Canadian Rockies

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Abstract
A new network of 21 Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm. ring-width chronologies was developed from tree-line sites in the Canadian Rockies. These chronologies range in length from 297 to 648 years (mean 423 years) and have mean sensitivities between 0.16 and 0.20 (mean 0.18), first-order autocorrelations between 0.73 and 0.88 (mean 0.83), and subsample signal strengths >0.85 for 246-494 years (mean 324 years). Mean intersite correlations (A.D. 1700-1982) for chronologies with expressed population signals >0.85 are 0.46 and 0.63 for standard and residual chronologies, respectively. Standard ring-width chronologies are, in general, positively correlated with summer temperatures and negatively correlated with spring and previous summer temperatures. A regional June-September temperature reconstruction for the Banff-Jasper region (BJR; A.D. 1715-1982) was developed using multiple regression of three significant principal components from 14 standard ring-width chronologies. The first principal component contains 55% of the total chronology variance. The model reconstructs 38% of summer temperature variance during the calibration period (1888-1982). The BJR is the first regional temperature reconstruction for this area based on ring-width data from a network of sites. The reconstructed temperature patterns are broadly similar to other regional estimates of past temperatures. Above-average summer temperatures occurred in the mid-20th century and the late 1700s - early 1800s. Most of the 19th century was unusually cold, with the coldest conditions in the late 19th century. Detailed differences between BJR and previously developed reconstructions lie well within 2σ confidence limits and may reflect differences in tree species, modelling techniques, spatial coverage, and the seasonal temperature parameter reconstructed.