Application of Paper Electrophoresis to Separation of Blood-Clotting Factors

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Abstract
Serum and plasma proteins were dispersed over a distance of about 15 cm. on 45-cm. lengths of filter paper by an electrophoretic technique utilizing half-wave direct current of 0.15 ma per cm. width of paper. Use of this procedure made it clear that not all proteins are localized with the albumin, alpha-globulin, beta-globulin or gamma-globulin zones; some protein is localized between these zones as well. Saline eluates of segments of filter paper revealed the following distribution of blood-clotting activities: (1) labile conversion factor between gamma-globulin and beta-globulin; (2) stable conversion factor superimposed on beta-globulin; (3) thrombin and antithrombin between beta-globulin and alpha 2-globulin; (4) prothrombin within alpha 2-globulin and (5) fibrinogen immobilized at the line of application of the plasma and, therefore, within the gamma-globulin zone. The electrophoretic separation of prothrombin and its stable conversion factor was sufficiently sharp to confirm the concept that these are separate entities.

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