Open inflationary universes in the induced gravity theory

The induced gravity theory is a variant of Jordan–Brans–Dicke theory where the “dilaton” field possesses a potential. It has the unusual feature that in the presence of a false vacuum there is a stable static solution with the dilaton field displaced from the minimum of its potential, giving perfect de Sitter expansion. We demonstrate how this solution can be used to implement the open inflationary universe scenario. The necessary second phase of inflation after false vacuum decay by bubble nucleation is driven by the dilaton rolling from the static point to the minimum of its potential. Because the static solution is stable whilst the false vacuum persists, the required evolution occurs for a wide range of initial conditions. As the exterior of the bubble is perfect de Sitter space, there is no problem with fields rolling outside the bubble, as in one of the related models considered by Linde and Mezhlumian, and the expansion rates before and after tunneling may be similar which prevents problematic high-amplitude supercurvature modes from being generated. Once normalized to the microwave background anisotropies seen by the COBE satellite, the viable models form a one-parameter family for each possible ${\Omega }_0$.