A Quality of Life Instrument for Adolescents with Chronic Headache

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Abstract
We developed a generic Quality of Life (QL) measurement scale for adolescents between 12 and 18 years of age, primarily for use on youngsters with chronic headaches or migraine. The Quality of Life Headache in Youth (QLH-Y) is a 71 item (69 multiple choice items and two visual analogue scales) QL measurement scale. It assesses an individual's QL in six QL subdomains. Study 1 (n = 223) was aimed at item selection and scale construction. Thirteen subscales were developed to cover the four QL subdomains Psychological Functioning, Functional Status, Physical Status and Social Functioning. The QL subdomains satisfaction with life in General and Satisfaction with Health were covered by two visual analogue scales. Internal consistency of nearly all the subscales was satisfactory. Study 2 (n = 159) was conducted to evaluate the validity and stability of the QLH-Y. Indications for parent-youth agreement, construct validity and sensitivity for headache and migraine were obtained. Stability coefficients were between 0.47 and 0.72 for the 1-week interval and between 0.31 and 0.60 for the 6-month interval. Nearly all of the QLH-Y subscales appeared to be more sensitive to differences between subjects with headaches and headache-free subjects, while the QL subdomain Functional Status was most sensitive for subjects who had suffered from a recent headache.