Abstract
Classical and quantum elementary systems are investigated from the point of view of invariance under a connected Lie group. The classification and characterization of elementary systems are considered in a unified way. The representation theory of symmetric and enveloping algebras is used as a tool in order to characterize the observables physically and also to analyze the analogies between classical and quantum mechanics. The results obtained are applied to the Galilei, Poincaré, and Weyl Lie groups.

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