The late results of renal transplantation are reviewed in 214 recipients with a functioning allograft for 2 yr. Graft survival was better (P < 0.001) in living related recipeints (t1/2 [half-life] = 17 yr) compared with cadaver graft recipients (t1/2 = 7.7 yr). Graft survival was also signficantly different (P < 0.001) in patients with a 2-yr serum creatinine level of .ltoreq. 2.0 (t1/2 = 16.4 yr), 2.1-3.0 (t1/2 = 6.5 yr) or > 3.0 mg/dl (t1/2 = 2.9 yr). A greater proportion of patients with a 2-yr serum creatinine level of > 3 mg/dl had experienced > 2 rejection episodes (P < 0.0001). Among recipients with a 2-yr serum creatinine level of .ltoreq. 2.0 mg/dl, living related grafts achieved better graft survival than cadaver grafts (P < 0.05). Major complications of transplantation were more common in patients with a cadaver graft, 2-yr serum creatinine level of > 3 mg/dl, or age > 45 yr. Of the 214, 142 patients are currently alive, 93% of whom have achieved complete rehabilitation.