Abstract
ABNORMALITIES of somatic-cell chromosomes have been associated with some cases of leukemia, with Down's syndrome (mongolism) and with certain other congenital defects (reviewed by Ford1). Furthermore, leukemia has been reported to be three to fifteen times more common in children with Down's syndrome than in the general population.2 3 4 5 Thus, leukemia and Down's syndrome, which individually have cytogenetic defects, are in turn associated with one another. These relations suggest that by epidemiologic study of sibship histories of children with leukemia or with Down's syndrome, one may recognize a spectrum of childhood ailments related to one another and to chromosomal abnormalities. . . .

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