Fully Synthetic Carbohydrate-Based Vaccines in Biochemically Relapsed Prostate Cancer: Clinical Trial Results With α-N-Acetylgalactosamine-O-Serine/Threonine Conjugate Vaccine

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Abstract
Purpose: We report the synthesis of a mucin-related O-linked glycopeptide, α-N-acetylgalactosamine-O-serine/threonine (Tn), which is highly simplistic in its structure and can induce a relevant humoral response when given in a trimer or clustered (c) formation. We tested for an antitumor effect, in the form of a change in the posttreatment versus pretreatment prostate-specific antigen (PSA) slopes, that might serve as a surrogate for effectiveness of vaccines in delaying the time to radiographic progression.