Physiological controls of bacterial spinae production in complex medium and their value as indicators of spina function

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Abstract
Complex medium is rendered alkaline by the growth of marine pseudomonad D71, and in such a medium spinae are produced towards the end of log phase when the pH has increased over 7.5. Spinae production is unaffected by changes in oxygen tension and illumination but controlled by interactions of pH, salt concentration, and temperature. Under optimal laboratory conditions for growth a culture is partially spined but it becomes increasingly spined as growth temperature or pH is increased or ionic concentration decreased. By contrast, flagella are produced at low temperatures and pH, suggesting that spinae function in an opposite sense to flagella accommodating the bacterium to its environment. The conditions controlling spinae production are discussed in the context of possible spina function.

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