Avoiding Bias in the Conduct and Reporting of Cost-Effectiveness Research Sponsored by Pharmaceutical Companies

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Abstract
Because of the growing focus on containing health care costs, pharmaceutical companies are trying to demonstrate the cost effectiveness of their products relative to alternatives. In Europe and Australia, economic analyses are often required for government approval and pricing of new pharmaceuticals. In the United States, such analyses are increasingly being used for marketing and to obtain formulary approval. Because of the corporate need for timely results and confidentiality about a new drug in the period before marketing begins and because other financial support is limited, pharmaceutical companies themselves sponsor most academic research into the cost effectiveness of pharmaceuticals. The . . .

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