Retarding-Field—Cylindrical-Mirror Analyzer

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Abstract
An electron energy analyzer system incorporating a two-stage, spherical retarding-field–cylindrical-mirror analyzer as well as high current, coaxial, and glancing incidence electron guns is described. The retarding field and cylindrical mirror analyzers act as high-pass and band-pass energy filters, respectively. The resulting two-stage device has the advantages of both types of analyzers—low shot noise, high transmission, adjustable energy resolution, nearly constant energy resolution and transmission as a function of band-pass energy, and relative insensitivity to sample positioning. The glancing incidence electron gun is mounted directly on the front of the analyzer and is bore sighted onto the sample, thereby avoiding the need for deflection electrodes. Design and performance of this system are investigated.

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