Direct infusion mass spectrometry as a fingerprint of protein-binding media used in works of art

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Abstract
A direct infusion mass spectrometry method for the characterization of proteinaceous glues from binding media used in pictorial works of art prior to conservation or restoration treatment is proposed. Amino acids are released by acid hydrolysis and dissolved in a mixture of acidic water and ethanol. This mixture is directly infused into a mass spectrometer without any derivatization. The mass spectrometer is operated in positive ion electrospray mode (ESI‐MS) to yield [M+H]+ ions for the amino acids. Relative amounts of each amino acid are calculated for each protein (beef and porcine gelatines, albumin, casein and egg). The analyzed proteins were satisfactorily distinguished. The method is easy and fast, and shows good sensitivity and resolution. The proposed method has been successfully applied to artistic samples from items of the cultural heritage of Valencia (Spain). Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.