Initial changes in the sensory hair-cell membrane following aminoglycoside administration in a guinea pig model

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Abstract
This study demonstrates the initial changes affecting the sensory hair-cell plasma membranes in the vestibular end organs of gentamicin-treated guinea pigs by using a ruthenium red staining technique. First, 0.1 ml of a solution containing 5 mg gentamicin sulfate was injected into the middle ear. After 7 days, the sensory hair cell cilia were observed to be degenerating. The various stages of this degeneration process were classified into two types: the decrease in glycocalyx was designated type I fusion, while type II fusion was characterized by a bleb formation of the plasma membrane of the sensory hair cells, followed by a decrease in glycocalyx. The latter mechanism allowed plasma membrane contact, with subsequent fusion of the plasma membrane of neighboring sensory hair-cell cilia. The material also illustrates the degeneration of ciliary actin filaments. These findings suggest that the aminoglycoside affects both the glycocalyx and the plasma membrane, and that the decrease in glycocalyx may be the first sign of sensory hair-cell fusion.