Long-term follow-up of inversion trauma of the ankle

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Abstract
In our institution lateral ankle ligament injuries are classified into three grades according to the extent of instability found on physical examination and/or stress X-rays. Grade I and II lesions are taped, while treatment of grade III lesions consists of operative reconstruction of the ruptured ligaments. In 1989 we published the results of 1012 patients after 9 months' follow-up. About 30% had residual complaints. The nature and frequency of the complaints were equally divided among the three groups. To examine the long-term follow-up results, we conducted a retrospective study with the same group of patients after 6.5 years. Although ankle ligament injuries are still considered rather innocent lesions, we conclude that even after 6.5 years patients can still have residual complaints (pain, fear of giving-way, actual instability, swelling), which interfere with daily living and/or sport activities. The result deteriorated with time. This was especially prominent in the grade II group, where the percentage of poor and fair results doubled. The overall percentage of residual complaints was 39%. We conclude that there is no such thing as “a simple sprain”.