Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Is a Key Mediator of Gut Inflammation Seen in Amebic Colitis in Human Intestine in the SCID Mouse-Human Intestinal Xenograft Model of Disease

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Abstract
We used Entamoeba histolytica infection in human intestinal xenografts to study the roles interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in the pathogenesis of amebic colitis. We found that blockade of TNF-α reduced inflammation and intestinal damage in amebic infection, while inhibition of IL-1 reduced cytokine production but had less marked effects on inflammation and disease.