Elicitor-Induced l-Tyrosine Decarboxylase from Plant Cell Suspension Cultures

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Abstract
Properties of purified L-tyrosine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.25) from elicitor-induced cell suspension cultures of Eschscholtzia californica Cham. and Thalictrum rugosum Ait. are described. L-Tyrosine decarboxylase is a dimeric enzyme with a molecular weight of 112,600 .+-. 600 daltons. The isoelectric point was estimated to be at pH 5.2 and pH 5.4 for the enzyme from E. californica and T. rugosum, respectively. The purified enzymes were stabilized in the presence of pyridoxal-5-phosphate. Optimum pH for the enzyme from both plants was found to be 8.4. Enzyme activity was dependent on exogeneously supplied pyridoxal-5-phosphate. The enzyme decarboxylated L-tyrosine and L-.beta.-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine but was inactive toward L-phenylalanine and L-tryptophan. Apparent Km values of Eschscholtzia- and Thalictrum-decarboxylase for L-tyrosine were 0.25 .+-. 0.03 and 0.27 .+-. 0.04 millimolar, respectively. Similar affinities were found for L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine. Eschscholtzia L-tyrosine decarboxylase was strongly inhibited by the phenylalanine analogue L-.alpha.-aminooxy-.beta.-phenylpropionate and largely unaffected by D,L-.alpha.-monofluoromethyl-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine and .alpha.-difluoromethyltyrosine.