Characterization of Biological Types of Cattle (Cycle II). V. Carcass Wholesale Cut Composition

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Abstract
For analyses of wholesale cut composition of 686 carcasses obtained from the mating of Hereford and Angus cows to Hereford, Angus, Red Poll, Brown Swiss, Gelbvieh, Maine Anjou and Chianina sires, carcasses were adjusted to a common carcass weight or a common fat trim percentage. At a common carcass weight, the wholesale cut percentages and the composition of cuts differed significantly among sire breed groups, except for bone in the rib and flank. At a common fat trim percentage, differences among cut in the distribution of total retail product, fat trim or bone, though statistically significant among sire breeds in most instances, were small. Differences among sire breeds were not large enough to give any sire breed a distinct economic advantage in percentage of lean in the high-priced cuts. The greatest variation among sire breeds was in distribution of fat, particularly kidney and pelvic fat. Coefficients for regression of retail product, fat trim and bone on side weight were calculated from covariance within and between slaughter dates of sire breed groups. The coefficients for within- and between-slaughter group regressions, when averaged across all sire breed groups, were, respectively: retail product, −6.3% and −12.6%/100 kg; fat trim, 9.0% and 16.4%/100 kg, and bone, −2.6% and −3.8%/100 kg side weight. Our hypothesis is that genetic influences associated with larger or smaller growth impulses were positive related to muscle and bone growth and negatively related to fat growth, which tended to counter some of the environmental influences that cause fatness to increase as total weight increases under progressive feeding. These data show that any economic advantage from increased proportion of carcass lean in the high-priced cuts is more readily obtained by decreasing total fat than by selecting for changes in muscle distribution. Copyright © 1981. American Society of Animal Science. Copyright 1981 by American Society of Animal Science

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