Cadmium, Lead, and Copper Blood Levels in Normal Children

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Abstract
Cd, Pb, and Cu levels were measured in duplicate whole blood samples from 60 apparently normal children, ranging in age from 2 mo.-13 yr, who were hospitalized for elective surgery. Metals were measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy after the samples were chemically oxidized and digested. Cd was concentrated by dithizone extraction before analysis. Blood Cd averaged 0.66 .mu.g/100 g, with a SD of 0.25. No samples had Cd concentrations less than could be detectable. The average concentration of Pb was 15.7 .mu.g/100 g with a SD of 6.33. Cu averaged 123 .mu.g/100 g with a SD of 35.5. Tolerance intervals were calculated for each metal in order to estimate the bounds of whole blood metal values in normal children. The intervals containing 95% of normal values with a probability of .95 were 0.22-1.70 .mu.g Cd/100 g, 0.87-30.5 .mu.g Pb/100 g, and 40.0-206 .mu.g Cu/100 g.
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