Numerical analysis of nonlinear bistable optical waveguides

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Abstract
Numerical solutions illustrating the onset of bistability and hysteresis are presented for the symmetrical step index, asymmetrical step index, and asymmetrical diffused slab nonlinear optical waveguides. Two different numerical techniques have been used independently-a finite-element method and a variational method. Both methods produce numerically stable solutions, and agreement between them is good for both increasing and decreasing total power from below or above the threshold power. The results are compared with analytical solutions for these structures. The onset and the end of the physically unstable solutions regime coincides with the two power thresholds for the increasing and decreasing powers.