Metabolic effects of heparin on rat cervical epithelial cells

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Abstract
The glycosaminoglycan heparin inhibits the growth of a number of different cell types in vitro including smooth muscle cells, mesangial cells, fibroblasts, and rat cervical epithelial cells (RCEC). Studies investigating the antiproliferative effects of heparin on smooth muscle cells have demonstrated the site of the cell cycle block and revealed several metabolic alterations that could be causally associated with growth inhibition. We have investigated these metabolic parameters in RCEC to determine whether they are also associated with the antiproliferative effects of heparin in epithelial cells. Heparin acts rapidly to inhibit RCEC growth with inhibition detectable by autoradiography 7 h after the addition of heparin. Heparin treated RCEC begin to enter S‐phase 12 h after the removal of heparin. These findings suggest that heparin blocks RCEC in the early‐to‐mid G1 phase of the cell cycle rather than late in G1 or early in S‐phase as has previously been demonstrated for smooth muscle cells. Unlike smooth muscle cells, the uptake of thymidine and uridine is not inhibited by heparin in RCEC. Treatment of medium with heparin‐Sepharose does not reduce the subsequent growth of RCEC; heparin inhibits the growth of RCEC in heparin‐Sepharose treated medium in a manner identical to that in nontreated medium. Therefore the growth inhibitory effects of heparin cannot be explained by the inactivation of mitogens present in serum. In contrast to its effects on smooth muscle cells, heparin treatment of RCEC does not result in a reduction in the binding of epidermal growth factor (EGF) to the cells. These results indicate that although heparin inhibits the growth of a variety of cell types, significant differences exist in the responses of the different cells to heparin.