Innovative approaches to sewage collection, treatment, and disposal: practices in northern Canada

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Abstract
Some components of the wastewater management systems used in northern Canada have undergone significant changes within the last ten years. The natural and imposed constraints are reviewed with special emphasis on the wastewater characteristics. Wastewater collection through the use of butt-welded polyethylene pipe, individual line service connections, and truck collection are discussed. Improvements in the disposal of undiluted and moderately, conventionally, and greatly diluted wastewater are outlined. The problems and improvements underway with greywater treatment and disposal are important for the improvement of living conditions. Also, current efforts to increase water conservation are noted. Keywords: cold regions engineering, wastewater treatment, sewage collection, sewage disposal, water conservation.

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