A novel 5′‐flanking region polymorphism of macrophage migration inhibitory factor is associated with systemic‐onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis

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Abstract
To determine if polymorphisms of the macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) gene are associated with systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography was used to screen for the MIF gene in 32 healthy Caucasian subjects. One hundred seventeen UK Caucasian patients with systemic-onset JIA and 172 unrelated healthy UK Caucasian controls were genotyped for a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) identified in the 5'-flanking region of the gene, using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length analysis. A G-to-C transition was identified at position -173 of the MIF gene. The presence of a C at -173 creates an activator protein 4 transcription factor binding site. Allele and genotype frequencies differed significantly between the patients and controls for the MIF-173 polymorphism. Individuals possessing a MIF-173*C allele have an increased risk of systemic-onset JIA (36.8% versus 20.3%) (odds ratio 2.3, 95% confidence interval 1.34-3.86; P = 0.0005). This is the first report of a SNP in the MIF gene. This polymorphism is associated with systemic-onset JIA.