Human adenovirus serotypes 4 and 11 show higher binding affinity and infectivity for endothelial and carcinoma cell lines than serotype 5

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Abstract
Adenoviruses are promising vectors for human cancer gene therapy. However, the extensively used adenoviruses serotypes 2 and 5 (Ad2 and Ad5) from species C have a major disadvantage in being highly prevalent; thus, most adults have an immunity against the two viruses. Furthermore, the expression of coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptors for Ad2 and Ad5 varies in different cells. This study aims to identify adenovirus serotypes with specific tropism for endothelial cells and epithelial tumour cells. Comparison of the binding affinities of Ad31, Ad11, Ad5, Ad37, Ad4 and Ad41, belonging to species A–F, respectively, to established cell lines of hepatoma (HepG2), breast cancer (CAMA and MG7), prostatic cancer (DU145 and LNCaP) and laryngeal cancer (Hep2), as well as to endothelial cells (HMEC), was carried out by flow cytometric analysis. Ad11 from species B showed markedly higher binding affinity than Ad5 for the endothelial cell line and all carcinoma cell lines studied. Ad4 showed a specific binding affinity for hepatoma cells and laryneal carcinoma cells. The ability of Ad11, Ad4 and Ad5 to be expressed in hepatoma, breast cancer and endothelial cell lines was studied by immunostaining and 35S-labelling of viral proteins in infected cells. Ad11 and Ad4 manifested a higher proportion of infected cells and a higher degree of hexon expression than Ad5.