Structural differences between allelic variants of the ovine prion protein revealed by molecular dynamics simulations

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Abstract
We have modeled ovine prion protein (residues 119–233) based on NMR structures of PrP from other mammalian species. Modeling of the C‐terminal domain of ovine PrP predicts three helices: helix‐1 (residues 147–155), flanked by two short β‐strands; helix‐2 (residues 176–197), and helix‐3 (residues 203–229). Molecular dynamics simulations on this model of ovine PrP have determined structural differences between allelic variants. At neutral pH, limited root mean‐squared (RMS) fluctuations were seen in the region of helix‐1; between β‐strand‐2 and residue 171, and the loop connecting helix‐2 and helix‐3. At low pH, these RMS fluctuations increased and showed allelic variation. The extent of RMS fluctuation between β‐strand 2 and residue 171 was ARR > ARQ > VRQ. This order was reversed for the loop region connecting helix‐2 and helix‐3. Although all three variants have the potential to display an extended helix at the C‐terminal region of helix‐1, the major influence of the VRQ allele was to restrict the conformations of the Asn162 and Arg139 side‐chains. Variations observed in the simulations in the vicinity of helix‐1 correlated with reactivity of C‐terminal specific anti‐PrP monoclonal antibodies with peripheral blood cells from scrapie‐susceptible and ‐resistant genotypes of sheep: cells from VRQ homozygous sheep showed uniform reactivity, while cells from ARQ and ARR homozygous sheep showed variable binding. Our data show that molecular dynamics simulations can be used to determine structural differences between allelic variants of ovine PrP. The binding of anti‐PrP monoclonal antibodies to ovine blood cells may validate these structural predictions. Proteins 2005.